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Berkman Center for Internet & Society

Using ICANN's UDRP UDRP Opinion Guide Harvard Law School > Berkman Center > Open Education >


Reference Library.

 

Introduction.

Schedule.
Syllabus.
Discussion.
Reference Library.
Search.
The Reference library includes a number of useful links for UDRP practitioners. There are tools to search UDRP opinions, identify trademark owners and locate domain registration data as well as sample pleadings. Last update to this page: August 10, 2003.

Articles and Studies
Complaint and Response Forms
Clinics

Court Cases
News
Filing Resources
General Information
Historical Documents on Domain Name Dispute Policy
Legislation
Opinions
Organizations
Policy & Rules
Pre-registration Protection Services
Providers & Panelists
Registrars 
Registries
Sample Pleadings
Search Tools
(Opinions, Domain Registrations, Trademarks)
Sunrise Challenges
Supplemental Rules
Useful Resources on the Uniform Dispute Resolution Proceedings

Filing Resources

Rules - Complete text

UDRP Policy
UDRP Rules

Supplemental Rules

CPR Institute (CPR) Supplemental Rules

eResolution Consortium (DeC) Supplemental Rules

National Arbitration Forum (NAF)

February 1, 2001 - October 14, 2001
October 15, 2001 - present

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Supplemental Rules

Complaint and Response Forms

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) model complaint form.
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) model response form.
National Arbitration Forum (NAF) domain name disputes home page with instructions on filing a complaint and response.
eResolution Consortium (DeC) link to electronic complaint form.
eResolution Consortium (DeC) link to electronic response form.

New gTLD Pre-registration Protection Services

.biz IP Claim Service

.biz STOP (Startup Trademark Opposition Policy)

.info Sunrise Period

Sample Pleadings

Chilling Effects. Database of cease & desist notices objecting to online activity.

NAF Samples

Model Complaint
Model Response
Complaint Transmittal Sheet
Joint Request to Withdraw Complaint
Complainant Request to Withdraw Complaint
Response Extension Request (Complainant Consents)
Response Extension Request (No Complainant Consent)
Request to Stay
Request to Remove Stay of Arbitration
Joint Request to Stay Decision

allocation.com, Sample Response (decided in favor of the Respondent)
wwwhois.com, Sample Response (decided in favor of the Respondent)

civicdevelopmentgroup.org pro se Sample Response (decided in favor of the Respondent)

tobacco.com, domain dispute web site with links to case materials

Sample Response to Complainant's Response to Respondent's Response from the dispute over allocation.com, which was decided in favor of the respondent. (Note that it is rare for a panel to consider filings subsequent to the initial complaint and response, although it does have the discretion to do so under UDRP Rule 12.) Courtesy of David J. Loundy, D'Ancona & Pflaum, LLC.

Sample Complaint in US District Court Appealing from a UDRP Order to Transfer a Domain Registration. Courtesy of Timothy J. Courville, Gaeta, Courville & Lund, LLP.

Process Overview
Caslon Analytics Profile  Easily understood analysis of UDRP process.


Domain Name News

BNA's Internet Law News. Prof. Michael Geist's free daily cyberlaw news report.
Domain Name Handbook. Comprehensive archive of domain name information.
Domain Notes. Internet.com domain name portal including free electronic newsletter and discussion forum.
Domain State. Real time chat.
ICANN Blog. at www.lextext.com. Brett Fausett.

ICANN Watch. Online resource analyzing current ICANN events.
ICB Tollfree. Judith Oppenheimer's daily 800, ENUM and Domain Name industry news portal.
INTA. E-mail discussion forum.
Internet Law & Regulation. Pike & Fischer, BNA.
ISP-DNS. Discussion forum.
Moreover. Includes links to foreign domain name news sites and a free electronic newsletter.
NameProtect News & Information Center. Headline searches.
The Register.  News and analysis (search "UDRP").
State of the Domain
, SnapNames.
The Third Rail. Name Engine/VeriSign report on ccTLD activity (last entry in 2001).
The Trademark Blog, Martin Schwimmer.
UDRPinfo.com. Prof. Michael Geist.
UDRPlaw.net. Links to domain name resources, news and opinion analysis.
WIPO announcement lists.
Yahoo Domain Names and Registration. Portal with extensive links to online domain name articles.


Search Tools

Cease and Desist Notices

Chilling Effects. Database of cease & desist notices objecting to online activity.

UDRP Opinions

UDRP-DB. UDRP database with expanded search capability (including typosquatting) designed by Cornell and UMass Amherst.

UDRP Research Engine. Berkman Center for Internet & Society. Keyword searching of the complete text of published UDRP opinions.

UDRP Opinion Guide. Berkman Center restatement of UDRP opinion.

Search WIPO Cases and Opinions. WIPO cases only. Search by keyword or index of categories.

Openlaw Lawcite (UDRPmate). Opening any UDRP opinion at Wendy Seltzer's UDRPmate will automatically insert live links to all cases cited in the opinion. Permits easy linking to case references.

ICANN title search tool. Searches the titles of all published UDRP opinions.  Providers may post opinions on their own sites in advance of notification to ICANN.

ICANN text search tool.  Searches the full text of published UDRP opinions.

Lexis.com. Fee-based service searches WIPO decisions only. By Topic/Trademarks>Unfair Competition & Trade Secrets>Domain Disputes>Administrative Panel Decisions

Trademarks

USPTO TESS (US Trademark Electronic Search System) free search of pending and issued federal registrations.

UK Patent Office Trade Mark Text Enquiry (picks up Community marks also).

Netcraft (global keyword search of active domain names)

Baker & McKenzie. Links to national trademark registries

Domain Name Registrations - authoritative

http://www.nsiregistry.com/  Authoritative registry database for com-org-net, searchable by domain name, registrar or nameserver.  Identifies domain name registrar, but not registration contact data.

http://www.networksolutions.com/cgi-bin/whois/whois  Whois database, searchable by domain name, NIC handle, registrant's name, company name, IP address and host name. Authoritative database for .com, .org and .net.

www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm Links to all authoritative ccTLD registries.

http://www.norid.no/domenenavnbaser/domreg.html Links to all authoritative registries.

Domain Name Registrations - non-authoritative

Dialog Domain Names Thomson's fee-based search capability including all registration fields as well as prior ownership history (also available through WestLaw).

Whois Source Forward and reverse searching, block searches, registration history.

allwhois.com Searches all gTLDs and certain ccTLDs http://www.uwhois.com/ One-step search of gTLDs and ccTLDs registration data

betterwhois.com/ Searches databases of com-org-net registrars only; provides domain registration contact data and links to registrars.

Nameengine VeriSign whois search of all ccTLD's and .com, .net, .org, biz, .info, museum and .edu

Netnames. Global registration search.

Global Whois Searches NSI registrations by NIC handle, domain name, IP address, nameserver, or registrar.

whois.cc/ Searches ccTLD and gTLD databases.

domainia.org/ Searches com-org-net registrars for registrant contact information; includes tools for monitoring domain registrations, recently deleted names, etc.

New.net Second-level domain registration service.

Marks and Domain Registrations - non-authoritative

Worldwide Domain Name Search Thomson & Thomson (fee required)

http://wsj.nameprotect.com/ Wall Street Journal's NameProtect

Web Archives

http://www.archive.org/ WayBack Machine (archived copies of old webpages)

Clinics

Berkman Center Harvard Law School
Boalt.org  Boalt Hall School of Law, UC Berkeley
Center for Internet and Society Stanford Law School
Electronic Frontier Foundation Legal advocacy organization
Internet Justice Project University of San Francisco Law School



Sunrise Challenges (.info)

Afilias Challenge Overview
Challenge Policy

Challenge Rules
WIPO Filing Procedures and Cases


Useful Resources on the Uniform Dispute Resolution Proceedings

Complete Text of the UDRP Policy

Complete Text of the UDRP Rules

Current List of UDRP Proceedings/Decisions (listed by commencement date)

Statistical Summary of UDRP Proceedings

UDRPinfo.com. Prof. Michael Geist. Statistical analysis of decisions by individual panelist.

General Information on the UDRP

Discussion Lists for Domain Proposals

ICANN Corporate By-laws
Board Resolution 99.83 paragraphs 3-5. ICANN, Minutes of the Meeting of the Initial Board August 26, 1999.

ICANN Registrar Accreditation Agreement

ICANN-Adopted Policies Applicable to ICANN-Accreditated Registrars.


General Information on Domain Name Disputes

Ellen and Peter Rony, Domain Name Handbook. An excellent resource for domain name issues.

Oppedahl & Larson LLP, NSI Flawed Domain Name Policy.

Jurisdiction and the Internet in Prof. William T. Fisher's online series, Intellectual Property in Cyberspace 2000.

Domain Names in Prof. William T. Fisher's online series, Intellectual Property in Cyberspace 2000.

Anti-Cybersquatting Privacy Act (ACPA) in Prof. William T. Fisher's online series, Intellectual Property in Cyberspace 2000.

Diane Cabell, Name Conflicts in Learning Cyberlaw in Cyberspace, Lydia Loren, ed., (1999).



Organizations

Domain Name Rights Coalition. Activist group that provides tools to prevent reverse domain name hijacking and other abuses of domain holder's rights.

IANA (Internet Assigneed Numbers Authority) http://www.iana.org.

ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) http://www.icann.org

WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)

Network Solutions, Inc

DNSO (Domain Name Supporting Organization) A division of ICANN 

USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Organization) Web Trademark Database


Registrars Using the UDRP

List of ICANN-Approved Registrars

New.net Dispute Resolution Policy

Registration Accreditation Agreement

Domain Name Buyers Guide Registrar Rankings

Registration Accreditation Agreement

Registries Using the UDRP

gTLDs

.biz (NeuLevel)
.com, .org, .net (Network Solutions/VeriSign)
.info (Afilias)

[.name (Global Name Registry) uses a somewhat different dispute policy called the ERDRP.]

ccTLDs

.AC (Ascension Island)
.AG (Antigua & Barbuda)
.AS (American Samoa)
.BS (Bahamas)
.CC (Cocos Islands)

.CY (Cyprus)
.FJ (Fiji)
.GT (Guatemala)
.LA (Lao People's Democratic Republic)
.MX (Mexico)
.NA (Namibia)
.NU (Niue)
.PA (Panama)
.PH (Philippines)
.PN (Pitcairn Island)
.RO (Romania)
.SH (St. Helena)
.TT (Trinidad and Tobago)
.TV (Tuvalu)
.VE (Venezuela)
.WS (Western Samoa)


UDRP Opinions

Berkman Center for Internet & Society Research Engine (for text of UDRP Opinions)

Openlaw Lawcite (UDRPmate). Opening any UDRP opinion at Wendy Seltzer's UDRPmate will automatically insert live links to all cases cited in the opinion. Permits easy linking to case references.

M. Scott Donahey, The ICANN Cybersquatting Decisions

ICANN's Database of All UDRP Proceedings

Database of CPR Institute Proceedings

Database of eResolution Proceedings

Database of National Arbitration Forum Proceedings

Database of WIPO Proceedings

See Search Tools for opinion keyword search engines.



ICANN-Approved UDRP Providers

Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre (ADNDRC).
CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution
eResolution Consortium (discontinued services January 2002)
The National Arbitration Forum
World Intellectual Property Organizatio

UDRPinfo.com. Prof. Michael Geist. Statistical analysis of decisions by individual panelist.


Historical Documents on Domain Name Dispute Policy

Policy Development

ICANN - Second Staff Report on Implementation Documents for the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (24 October 1999). The basis on which the ICANN Board approved the language of the Uniform Policy and rules, and one of the key pieces of "legislative history" behind the policy and rules.

ICANN - Staff Report on Implementation Documents for the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (29 September 1999). The document by which the draft implementation documents were presented to the Internet community for comment.

ICANN - Staff Report: Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy for gTLD Registrars" (August 24, 1999) . Presented to the Internet community and the ICANN Board before the public forum held on the dispute-resolution policy on August 25, and the Board's adoption of the policy (in principle-- implementation language to be settled) on August 26, 1999.

DNSO - Materials concerning the recommendation of the ICANN Domain Names Supporting Organization's Names Council. This is the body from the relevant ICANN supporting organization that recommended adoption of a uniform dispute policy.

Final Report of the WIPO Internet Domain Name Process, WIPO Publication No. 92-805-0779-6 (April 30, 1999). The culmination of an extensive consultative study conducted by WIPO at the request of the United States Government (a member of WIPO). It was presented by WIPO as a recommendation to the ICANN Board. Many of its proposals ended up in the final UDRP Policy.

ICANN - Timeline for Development and Implementation of the Policy and Rules

Proposed Implementation Documents (form posted for public comment September 29, 1999)

Draft Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (29 September 1999)

Draft Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (29 September 1999)

Public Comments Submitted (comment period September 29-October 13, 1999)

NSF Cooperative Agreement Table of Contents

White Paper, Management of Internet Names and Addresses, Supplementary Information (Background), National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Docket Number: 980212036-8146-02 (June 5, 1998).

Memorandum of Understanding Between the U.S. Department of Commerce and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (25 November 1998).

Requests for Comment (RFCs)

Postel, J., Reynolds, J., Domain Requirements, 1984, RFC 920 at ftp://rs.internic.net/rfc/rfc920.txt 

Mockapetris, P., Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities, 1987, RFC 1034

Mockapetris, P. Domain Names: Implementation and Specification, 1987; RFC 1035, updated by: RFC 1101 (below)

Mockapetris, P., DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types, 1989, RFC 1101

Postel, J. Domain Name System Structure and Delegation, 1994, RFC 1591

ICANN Reconsideration Committee Opinions

Reconsideration Request 00-5 (22 May 2000). Subsequent litigation is not a basis for deleting a published UDRP opinion.

Reconsideration Request 01-6 (7 January 2002). Affirms that Providers are responsible for proper training of Panelists in UDRP Policy provisions.


Legislation

ACPA (Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act)

US Trademark Law (Lanham Act)


Court Cases (by date) 

Strick Corporation v. James B. Strickland, Jr., Civil Action No. 00-3343 (E.D.PA. August 27, 2001) Ruling in favor of domain holder against claim of initial interest confusion.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals v. Doughney, Nos. 00-1918 and 00-2289 (4th Cir., August 23, 2001) Ruling against domain holder on claim of initial interest confusion.

"UDRP Appeals in Court," UDRPlaw.net.

Brookfield Communications v. West Coast Entertainment, 174 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 1999). Senior user loses domain name; initial interest confusion extended to meta tags.

Summaries of some relevant cases (April 20, 2000)

Cerutti1881 v. Cerutti, Inc., No. 95 CIV 7782, 1998 WL 3350 (S.D.N.Y Jan. 5, 1998) Ruling against domain name owner, based on likelihood of confusion.

Jews for Jesus v. Brodsky 993 F.Supp. 282 (D. N.J. 1998) Defendant owned domain name jewsforjesus.com which linked to a site that disparaged Jews for Jesus and provided another link to a pro-Judaism site.

KCPL v. William Cary Nash, 1998 WL 823657 (SDNY November, 1998).  The court distinguishes Panavision in two ways.  First, Panavision was decided by a Fed Ct in CA, thus it was based on CA long arm statute.  The CA long arm statute is more permissive than the NY long arm statute which is applicable in this case.  Second, the defendant in Panavision was clearly a cyber pirate while the actions in this case do not constitute cyber piracy.

Panavision v. Toeppen 141 F.3d 1316 (9th Cir. 1998).  This case deals with the issue of "cybersquatting."  The court in Panavision analyzes infringement as dilution rather than likelihood of confusion.

Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. AsiaFocus International, Inc., 1998 WL 724000 (E.D.Va. 1998).  Court found Jurisdiction against defendant located in Hong Kong because the defendant had targeted a Virginia Company.

Cardservice, Int'l v. McGee, 950 F. Supp. 737 (E.D. Va. 1997)
Ruling against domain name holder based on likelihood of confusion.

CDSolutions, Inc. v. Tooker, 965 F. Supp. 17 (N.D. Tex. 1997)
Finding no personal jurisdiction in a domain name dispute.

Cybersell, Inc. v. Cybersell, Inc., 130 F.3d 414 (9th Cir. 1997)  This leading personal jurisdiction case established that a passive web site alone is not sufficient to subject one to jurisdiction.  Instead "something else" is needed.

Interstellar Starship Serv. Ltd. v. Epix, Inc., Civil No. 97-107-FR, 1997 WL 736486 (D. Or. Nov. 20, 1997)
A declaratory judgment action (in which the parties requested that the court resolve a domain name dispute). The court finds no likelihood of confusion and the domain name owner prevails.

Juno Online Serv. v. Juno Lighting, Inc., 979 F. Supp. 684 (N.D. Ill. 1997)
Addressing the defense of trademark misuse in a domain name dispute; finding no trademark infringement for merely "warehousing" domain name.

Lockheed Martin Corp. v. Network Solutions, Inc., Case No. CV 96-7438 DDP (Anx),1997 WL 381967 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 19, 1997)  Dismissing an action for contributory trademark infringement brought against NSI in domain name dispute.

Planned Parenthood Federation of America v. Bucci 42 U.S.P.Q.2d 1430 (S.D.N.Y. 1997) sets out the analysis used by courts in likelihood of confusion cases. While this case's interpretations have been questioned by scholars, it is frequently relied on by courts throughout the US in subsequent cases.   At issue in this case is the use of plannedparenthood.com by an antiabortion activist.

Teletech Customer Care Mgmt., Inc. v. Tele-Tech Co., Inc., 977 F. Supp. 1407 (C.D.Cal. 1997)
Ruling in favor of trademark owner in domain name dispute, based on trademark dilution.

Zippo Mfg. Co. v. Zippo Dot Com, 952 F.Supp. 1119 (W.D.Pa. 1997) - The court granted jurisdiction because it determined that purposeful availment exists for an interactive web site.

Actmedia v. Active Media Int'l, No. 96C3448, 1996 WL 466527 (N.D. Ill. July 17, 1996)
Ruling against domain name owner based on likelihood of confusion.

CompExam'r Agency v. Juris, Inc., no. 96-0213-WMB (Ctx), 1996 WL 376600 (C.D.Cal. May 22, 1996)
Ruling against domain name owner, based on likelihoodof confusion.

Giacolone v. Network Solutions Inc., No. C-96 20434 RPA/PVT, 1996 WL 887734 (N.D.Cal. June 14, 1996)
Enjoining trademark owner from using NSI's policy to suspend computer consultant's domain name registration.

Hasbro, Inc. v. Internet Enternainment Group, Ltd., No. C96-130WD, 1996 WL 84853 (W.D. Wash. Feb. 9, 1996)
Issuing an injunction against using candyland.com, a sexually explicit web site, based on trademark dilution.

InsetSys., Inc. v. Instruction Set, Inc., 937 F. Supp. 161 (D. Conn. 1996)
Finding personal jurisdiction in a domain name suit.

Intermatic v. Toeppen, 947 F. Supp. 1227 (N.D. Ill. 1996)
Ruling against a domain name "squatter," based on a finding of trademark dilution.

Sun Microsystems v. Astro-Med, 39 U.S.P.Q.2d (BNA) 1144 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 29, 1996)
Holding that use of "sunriver" to sell computer products infringes on plaintiff's "sun" mark in a domain name dispute.

Toys'R'Us v. Akkaoui, 40 U.S.P.Q.2d (BNA) 1836 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 29, 1996)
Ruling that "adultsrus.com" dilutes trademark in Toys'R'Us.



Articles Online (by author's name)

Dan L. Burk, Trademarks Along the Infobahn: A First Look at the Emerging Law of Cybermarks," 1 RichJ. L. & Tech. 1 (1995)
A general summary of domain name disputes.

Diane Cabell, Name Conflicts, Learning Cyberlaw in Cyberspace, Lydia Loren, Ed. (May 2000)

Jeri Clausing, Proposal on Internet Names Favors Corporate Interests A critique of the WIPO proposal in the cyber-New York Times (a free subscription is required to view the article)

Donahey, Scott, Divergence In The UDRP And The Need For Appellate Review (2002)


Ben Edelman, series of survey reports on ICANN domain name registration practices.

Electronic Frontier Foundation domain name dispute archive
Numerous articles about the domain name controversy.

Kevin Eng, Breaking Through The Looking Glass: An Analysis of Trademark Rights in Domain Names Across Top Level Domains, 6 B.U. J. Sci. & Tech. L. 7, 2 (June 1, 2000).

John Fontana, "Trademark Trickery: In scam, search engines duped into diverting queries to competitive Web sites."
Opinionated article discussing Insituform and Playboy cases.

A. Michael Froomkin, "A Critique of WIPO's RFC3"
An excellent and extremely detailed critical analysis of the WIPO interim report.

A. Michael Froomkin, "Quick Guide to Major Flaws in the WIPO Domain Name Proposal"; "A Commentary on WIPO's The Management of Internet >Names and Addresses: Intellectual Property Issues" (full version)
Critique of WIPO Proposal

A. Michael Froomkin, "ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy, Causes and (Partial) Cures," 67 Brooklyn Law Review 608 (2002)

Michael Geist, Fair.com?: An Examination of the Allegations of Systemic Unfairness in the ICANN UDRP, August 2001.
Statistical review of 3500 cases indicating Provider bias in selection of single-member panels.

Michael Geist, The UDRP By All Accounts Works Effectively
A Response to INTA's Rebuttal of Fair.com, (2002)

Alexander Gigante, "Domain-ia": The Growing Tension between the DNS and Trademark law.
Discussing incompatibility between the domain name system and trademark law.

Laina Raveendran Greene, Chair and Facilitator of APPLe provides an Asian perspective and analysis of WIPO's interim report.

Harvard Kennedy School of Government conference on Internet governance, with papers re: domain name problem.
Various articles on domain name governance.

INTA, UDRP - A Success Story

Dr. Annette Kur, Max-Planck-Institute, UDRP, A Study

Peter H. Lewis, "The Great Domain Name Hunt", An interesting New York Times article on open ccTLDs where the author discusses his search for an available domain name with his name.  To read this article, go to the New York Times web site.  In the "search the site" box type Domain Names.  This will bring up a page that allows you to search back issues.  Select "search all articles" and type in "The Great Domain Name Hunt."

T. Loomis, Domain Name Disputes Resolved Quickly, New York Law Journal, 27 July 2000.

David J. Loundy, Primer on Trademark Law and Internet Addresses, John Marshall Journal of Computer and Information Law, Spring 1997.  This article addresses the trademark issues found in third level domains and user names.

David Maher, Trademarks on the Internet: Who's in Charge?
A discussion of trademarks and domain names.

Lateef Matima, Trademarks, Copyrights and the Internet, Klehr, Harrison, Harvey, Branzburg & Ellers Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ALI-ABA Course of Study, April 23, 1998.  This article provides a good overview of personal jurisdiction

Sharie Mendrey, Excerpt from Sovereignty in Cyberspace: Ways of Preventing Cyberanarchy Discusses ICANN's formation and role in Internet governance.

Don Mitchell, et al., In Whose Domain: Name Service in Adolescence
A discussion of domain name proposals. 

Milton Mueller, Rough Justice: An Analysis of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (2000)

Milton L. Mueller, Internet Domain Names: Privatization, Competition, and Freedom of Expression. A Cato Institute Briefing Paper. Argues for minimal trademark protection in this field.  The paper also defines and proposes changes in the current domain name system and discusses the role of freedom of expression.

Milton L. Mueller, Success by Default, DRP opinion statistical study (2002).

Ira S. Nathanson, Comment, Showdown at the Domain Name Corral: Property Rights and Personal Jurisdiction over Squatters, Poachers and other Parasites, 58 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 911 (1997)
A good summary of case law and major issues in domain name context.

A New Sword To Combat Domain Name Piracy. Internet Client Advisory, February 1999.  Discussing the impact of a Virginia State Court declaration that domain names are property and can be seized and sold to pay a default judgment.

OECD, Cybersquatting: The OECD's Experience and the Problems It Illustrates with Registrar Practices and the "Whois" System (2002)

Carl Oppedahl, Analysis and Suggestions Regarding NSI Domain Name Trademark Dispute Resolution Policy

Jurisdictional Issues in Domain Name Disputes, an article published by Perkins Coie.

Rose Communications, Domain Name Dispute Procedure And Related Issues, May 2001.

Betsy Rosenblatt, Excerpt from Sovereignty In Cyberspace: Ways of Preventing Cyberanarchy Discusses the personal jurisdiction in the context of the Internet, not merely in trademark disputes.

Robert Shaw, Internet Domain Names: Whose Domain Is This?, Kennedy School Presentation
An interesting discussion of the lack of formal internet governance.

Todd Spangler, NSI Centraal Team in Name Game. NSI, the gTLD domain name registrant, joins forces with Centraal in an effort to diversify its domain name business.

William A. Tanenbaum, Rights and Remedies for Three Common Trademark-Domain Name Disputes: 1) Domain Name vs. Trademark, 2) Shared Trademarks and 3) Domain Name Hijacking, 505 PLI/Pat 253, January, 1998. Introduction to the topic of domain name disputes.

Dan Tobias's site on domain names, with sources
Links to resources concerning domain name disputes.

U.S. Dept. of Commerce draft proposal for internet domain name governance
Includes a request for comments and summaries of comments submitted.

U.S. Patent Office policy on registering domain names as trade/service marks.

WIPO Second Internet Domain Name Process Archive

WIPO Domain Name Bibliography

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